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Today at sundown begins Tisha B'Av in the
Jewish world--the ninth of the month of Av on the Jewish calendar. It is a day of
mourning and fasting.
Historically, several horrible tragedies have
happened to the Jewish people on this day. The first Temple was
destroyed by the Babylonians on the 9th of Av in 586 B.C.E. Herod's
Temple, the second Temple, was destroyed by the Romans in 70 C.E. on
this day. The Bar Kochba rebellion against Roman rule was crushed in 135 B.C.E. on Tisha B'Av, and a year later what remained of the Temple mount was plowed up by the Romans.
In 1290 King Edward I signed an edict compelling the Jews to leave
England, and on this day in 1492 the Jews were forced from Spain. From the perspective of some, the
outbreak of World War I took place on Tis h B'Av, which
many Jews consider to begin a long period of suffering for them (marked
by pogroms and mass executions in Russia, Poland, and other Eastern
European countries) that culminated with the Holocaust of World War 2.
Others date the eve of Tisha B'Av 1942 as the beginning of the mass deportation began of Jews from
the Warsaw Ghetto, en route to Treblinka.
Interestingly, well before many of the modern tragedies, the rabbis held that Tisha B'Av
was marked as a day of tragedy for the Jewish people by God because of
the Israelites' refusal to enter the Promised Land on the 9th of Av in
Numbers 13-14. According to the Talmud, God declared: "You wept without
cause; I will therefore make this an eternal day of mourning for you." (B. Ta'an, 29a)
As
part of the commemoration of this day, from sunset on the 8th of Av to
the appearing of the stars in the evening of the 9th, many practicing Jews
(if their health permits) fast from both food and water, taking baths,
shaving, or wearing makeup. They even fast from studying Torah. It is a
day of mourning--they do no ordinary work and keep themselves from
smiling, laughing, and idle conversation. The book of Lamentations is
read in the synagogue and the prayers of mourning are recited.
During
this time Jewish people are also encouraged in their remembrance of
suffering to also think about its causes, spurring them to consider how
they can work towards tikkun olam...the
repairing of the world. Many Jewish materials from the medieval Period
maintain that the Messiah would be born on this day.
Mourners Kaddish
Glorified
and sanctified be God's great name throughout the world which He has
created according to His will. May He establish His kingdom in your
lifetime and during your days, and within the life of the entire House
of Israel, speedily and soon; and say, Amen.
May His great name be blessed forever and to all eternity.
Blessed
and praised, glorified and exalted, extolled and honored, adored and
lauded be the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, beyond all the
blessings and hymns, praises and consolations that are ever spoken in
the world; and say, Amen.
May there be abundant peace from heaven, and life, for us
and for all Israel; and say, Amen.
He who creates peace in His celestial heights, may He create peace for us and for all Israel; and say, Amen.
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